Aftermath
By late
autumn, the death toll in London and the suburbs began to slow until, in
February 1666, it was considered safe enough for the King and his entourage to
come back to the city. With the return of the monarch, other people began to
come back. The gentry returned in their carriages accompanied by carts piled
high with their belongings. The judges moved back from Windsor to sit in
Westminster Hall, although Parliament, which had been prorogued in April 1665,
did nor reconvene until September, 1666. Trade recommenced and businesses and
workshops opened up. London was the goal of a new wave of people who flocked to
the city in expectation of making their fortunes. Writing at the end of March
1666, Lord Clarendon, the Lord Chancellor, stated "... the streets were as
full, the Exchange as much crowded, the people in all places as numerous as they
had ever been seen ...".
According
to the Bills of Mortality, there were in total 68,596 deaths in London from the
plague in 1665. Lord Clarendon estimated that the true number of mortalities
was probably twice that figure. The next year, 1666, saw further deaths in
other cities but on a lesser scale. Dr Thomas Gumble, chaplain to the Duke of
Albermarle, both of whom had stayed in London for the whole of the epidemic,
estimated that the total death count for the country from plague during 1665
and 1666 was about 200,000.
The Great
Plague of 1665/1666 was the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Great
Britain. The last recorded death from plague came in 1679, and it was removed
as a specific category in the Bills of Mortality after 1703. It spread to other
towns in East Anglia and the southeast of England but fewer than ten percent of
parishes outside London had a higher than average death rate during those
years. Urban areas were more affected than rural ones; Norwich, Ipswich,
Colchester, Southampton and Winchester were badly affected, while the West of
England and areas of the Midlands escaped altogether.
The
population of England in 1650 was approximately 5.25 million, which declined to
about 4.9 million by 1680, recovering to just over 5 million by 1700. Other
diseases, such as smallpox, took a high toll on the population even without the
contribution by plague. The higher death rate in cities, both generally and
specifically from the plague, was made up by continuous immigration, from small
towns to larger ones and from the countryside to the town.

As a
proportion of the population who died, the London death toll was less severe
than in a number of other towns. The total of deaths in London was greater than
in any previous outbreak for 100 years, though as a proportion of the
population the epidemics in 1563, 1603 and 1625 were comparable or greater. Perhaps
around 2.5% of the English population died.
Sources of information: wikipedia.org, nationalarchives.gov.uk, historylearningsite.co.uk
Sources of information: wikipedia.org, nationalarchives.gov.uk, historylearningsite.co.uk
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